Cataract

A cataract is a clouding that develops in the lens the eye, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. Early in the development of age-related cataract the power of the lens may be increased, causing near-sightedness (myopia), and the gradual yellowing and opacification of the lens may reduce the perception of blue colors. Cataracts typically progress slowly to cause vision loss and are potentially blinding if untreated. The condition usually affects both the eyes, but almost always one eye is affected earlier than the other.

What causes a cataract?

The most common type of cataract is related to aging of the eye. Other causes of cataract include:
family history
medical problems, such as diabetes
injury to the eye
medications, especially steroids
radiation
long-term, unprotected exposure to sunlight
previous eye surgery
unknown factors

How fast does a cataract develop?

How quickly the cataract develops varies among individuals and may even be different between the two eyes. Most age-related cataracts progress gradually over a period of years. Other cataracts, especially in younger people and people with diabetes, may progress rapidly over a short time. It is not possible to predict exactly how fast cataracts will develop in any given person.

How is a cataract treated?

Surgery is the only way a cataract can be removed. However, if symptoms of cataract are not bothering you very much, surgery may not be needed. Sometimes a simple change in your eyeglass prescription may be helpful. No medications, dietary supplements or exercises have been shown to prevent or cure cataracts.

Cataract surgery is a highly successful procedure. Improved vision is the result in more than 95 percent of cases, unless there is a problem with the cornea, retina, optic nerve or other structures. It is important to understand that complications can occur during or after the surgery, some severe enough to limit vision. If you experience even the slightest problem after cataract surgery, your ophthalmologist will want to hear from you immediately.

In many people who have cataract surgery, the natural capsule that supports the intraocular lens may become cloudy over time. If this occurs, your ophthalmologist can perform an outpatient laser procedure (called YAG capsulotomy) to open this cloudy capsule, restoring clear vision.

Conclusion

Cataracts are a common cause of decreased vision, particularly for the elderly, but they are treatable. Your ophthalmologist can tell you whether cataract or some other problem is the cause of your vision loss and can help you decide if cataract surgery is appropriate for you.

Source: American Academy of Ophthalmology 2010.

Normal Vision

Vision with Cataract

Treatment

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